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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Umar ibn Al-Khattab
عمر بن الخطاب
Al-Faruq
Companion of the Tomb
Amir al-Mu'minin
Rightly-Guided Caliph
Ṣaḥābī, Martyr
Commander of the Faithful
The Distinguisher Between Truth and Error
Companion of the Tomb
One Promised Paradise
Rashidun Caliphs Umar ibn Al-Khattāb - عُمر بن الخطّاب ثاني الخلفاء الراشدين.svg
2nd Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate
Reign 23 August 634 CE – 3 November 644 CE
Predecessor Abu Bakr
Successor Uthman ibn Affan
Born 584
Mecca, Arabia
Died November 3, 644 (aged 59–60) (26 Dhul-Hijjah 23 AH)[2]
Medina, Arabia, Rashidun Empire
Burial Prophet's Mosque, Medina
Spouse
Zaynab bint Madhun
Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal
Qurayba bint Abi Umayya
Jamila bint Thabit
Atiqa bint Zayd
Umm Hakim bint al-Harith
Umm Kulthum bint Abu Bakr[3]
Issue
Abdullah ibn Umar
Abdulrahman "the Elder" ibn Umar
Zayd "the Younger" ibn Umar
Ubaydallah ibn Umar
Az-Zubayr "Abu Shahmah" ibn Bakkar
Asim ibn Umar
Abdulrahman "the Middle" (Abu'l-Mujabbar) ibn Umar
Iyaad ibn Umar
Abdulrahman "the Younger" ibn Umar
Zayd "the Elder" ibn Umar
Hafsa bint Umar
Fatima bint Umar
Ruqayya bint Umar
Zaynab bint Umar
Full name
‘Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb
Arabic: عمر بن الخطاب
Tribe Quraysh (Banu Adi)
Father Khattab ibn Nufayl
Mother Hantamah binti Hisham
Umar
Venerated in All of Sunni Islam (Salafi Sunnis honor rather than venerate him).
Umar (/ˈuːmɑːr/), also spelled Omar (/ˈoʊmɑːr/; Arabic: عمر بن الخطاب ʻUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb [ˈʕomɑr-, ˈʕʊmɑr ɪbn alxɑtˤˈtˤɑːb], "Umar, Son of Al-Khattab"; c. 584 CE – 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history.[4] He was a senior companion of the Prophet Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. He was an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). He is sometimes referred to as Umar I by historians of Islam, since a later Umayyad caliph, Umar II, also bore that name.
History of Omar book
Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, ruling the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire.[5] His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in less than two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship.[6] Umar was eventually killed by the Persian Piruz Nahavandi (known as ‘Abū-Lū‘lū‘ah in Arabic) in 644 CE.
Umar is revered in the Sunni tradition as a great ruler and paragon of Islamic virtues,[7] and some hadiths identify him as the second greatest of the Sahaba after Abu Bakr.[8][9] He is viewed negatively in the Shia tradition.
Early life
Umar was born in Mecca to the Banu Adi clan, which was responsible for arbitration among the tribes.[11] His father was Khattab ibn Nufayl and his mother was Hantama bint Hisham, from the tribe of Banu Makhzum. In his youth he used to tend to his father's camels in the plains near Mecca. His merchant father was famed for his intelligence among his tribe.[12] Umar himself said: "My father, Al-Khattab was a ruthless man. He used to make me work hard; if I didn't work he used to beat me and he used to work me to exhaustion."[13]
Despite literacy being uncommon in pre-Islamic Arabia, Umar learned to read and write in his youth. Though not a poet himself, he developed a love for poetry and literature.[14] According to the tradition of Quraish, while still in his teenage years, Umar learned martial arts, horse riding and wrestling. He was tall, physically powerful and a renowned wrestler.[14][15] He was also a gifted orator who succeeded his father as an arbitrator among the tribes.[16]
SOURCE INFO : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar :
